Sabina Buczkowska edited If_you_wait_to_do__.tex  over 7 years ago

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We concentrate our research on the Paris region, called as Ile-de-France - a vibrant and innovative region with over 5,6 million jobs, 37 percent of French executives, and 40 percent of national workforce in research and development. 1st R&D hub in Europe and the third worldwide.  11.7 million people - over 19 percent of the country’s population reside in the area which occupies 2.2 percent of the surface of France. The third World touristic destination (in 2013) (Global Destination Cities Index 2015) with 16 millions of visitors from abroad. The  GDP of the region amounts to 29 percent of total French GDP (IAU IdF, 2014). 2014)  31 percent of total French GDP (http://www.grand-paris.jll.fr/fr/paris/chiffres-cles/).   The third World touristic destination (in 2013) (Global Destination Cities Index 2015) with 16 millions (http://www.grand-paris.jll.fr/fr/paris/chiffres-cles/) that is 612 milliards euros (2012). 1st European city considering the number  of visitors from abroad. firms classified in Fortune 500 (July 2014).  Yet, The Paris region’s economy is spatially unbalanced (Combes et al., 2011). The Paris region is highly heterogeneous, especially regarding economic activity. While few municipalities host a large number of new establishments, others struggle to be chosen by any, and a large group of municipalities is left. The Grand Paris is a development project for the whole of the Paris metropolitan area. It is designed to improve residents’ quality of life, address regional inequalities and build a sustainable city (https://www.societedugrandparis.fr/english). It will cost around 32.4 billion euros (up to 2030).   Depending on the analyzed sector, the percentage of municipalities left with no new creation ranges from 34 percent up to 69 percent. The number of municipalities left with zero newly created establishments in the industry sector equals to 734, in construction 439, commerce 440, transport 837, financial activities 799, real estate activities 738, hotels and restaurants 792, information and communication 771, special, scientific and technical activities 569, education 890, health and social activities 794 out of 1300 possible municipalities.  Chapter I