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\section{Parameters}
We classify During the
relationship between host cells and bacteria in one of three ways: host cells with no bacteria $H_u$, with invasion process, a bacterium can either be attached
bacteria $H_a$ and with to a host cell $B_a$, invaded
bacteria $H_x$. a host cell $B_x$, or neither (i.e. swimming around looking to attach) $B_u$. These are mutually exclusive, so the total number of
host cells bacteria is
$H_{\rm $B_{\rm tot} =
H_u B_a +
H_a B_x +
H_x$. B_u$. This is, of course, ignoring bacterial replication and xenophagy.
Similarly, a bacterium can either be unattached/uninvaded $B_u$, We classify the relationship between host cells and bacteria in one of three ways: host cells with no bacteria $H_u$, with attached
$B_a$ or bacteria $H_a$ and with invaded
$B_x$ bacteria $H_x$. A host cell may have both internal (invaded) and external (attached) bacteria so we defined another parameter $H$ which is simply the number of host cells with
a one or both. The total
$B_{\rm number of host cells is therefore $H_{\rm tot} =
B_u + B_a H +
B_x$. Here we are discounting any bacterial replication or xenophagy. H_u$.
An important and controllable quantity when performing invasion assays is the ratio of bacteria to host
cells, or cells at inoculation. This is called the multiplicity of infection (MOI)
$ m and in the above terms $m = B_{\rm tot} / H_{\rm tot}$.