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Yoni Alon edited Introduction and Theory.tex
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\par However, as Bell derived and others have demonstrated, it is possible to measure the correlation between two particles against Bell's inequality, thus showing the incompatibility of local hidden variable theory with physical reality. In our experiment, however, we followed Clauser, Horne, Shimony, and Holt (CHSH) [2], in which they derived a more practical way to measure the inequality by using photon polarization instead of electron spin.
\par Using this photon polarization basis, the value for the inequality is given by [3]
\[ 2\geq
S=E(a,b)-E(a,b^\prime)+E(a^\prime,b)+E(a^\prime,b^\prime) \left| S \right| = \left| E(a,b)-E(a,b^\prime)+E(a^\prime,b)+E(a^\prime,b^\prime) \right| \]
\par where $(a,b,a^\prime,b^\prime)$ are polarization angles. The correlation between two angles is given by [3]
\[ E(a,b)=\frac{N(a,b)+N(a_\perp,b_\perp)-N(a_\perp,b)-N(a,b_\perp)}{N(a,b)+N(a_\perp,b_\perp)+N(a_\perp,b)+N(a,b_\perp)} \]