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GR Final Study Notes
special relativity
basic setup of SR
same physics in all reference
c is constant
Lorenz Transformations
Fun with 4 vectors
u = (gamma, gamma v)
E_obs = - p . u
u is normalized by u.u = -1
for a photon (or massless particle) p.p=0
Timelike, spacelike, null line elements
Principle of Equivalence
elevators
a freely falling elevator on the earth will get all the same results as the other guy
light must bend
Spacetime geometery
ds^2 = g_ab dx^a dx^b
gravitational redshift
in a static universe/system (t is ignorable) there is a killing vector xi = (1,0,0,0)
xi . u is conversed along the trajectory of the particle/light ray
E_obs / E_e = gtt(e)/gtt(obs)
Orbits of photons
effective potential formulation
conserved energy associated with killing vector (0,0,0,1) concerning angular momentum
r^2 d(phi)/d(tau) = const
Bending of light / gravitational lenses
delta theta = (4 G M)/(b c^2) where b is the impact parameter
Cosmology
scale factor a(t)
how to calculate redshits