Alec Aivazis edited nova.tex  almost 10 years ago

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P(\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{e}) = f \left(\sin^2 \theta_{23} \sin^2 2\theta_{13}, \frac{\Delta_{31}}{\Delta_{31} \mp a L} \sin(\Delta_{31} \mp aL), \sin \delta_{CP}\right)  \end{equation}  where $i$ and $j$ carry values 1,2,3 and stand for electron, muon, and tau quantities respectively; $\theta_{ij}$ is the "mixing angle" between the various flavors; $\Delta_{ij} = \Delta m_{ij}^2 L / 4E $; L is the length over which the oscillations occur; $a = G_F N_e \sqrt{2} \simeq (4000 \rm{km})^{-1}$; the $\delta_{CP}$ is a measure of the amount by which charge and parity conversation are allowed to be violated; the $\mp$ correspond to neutrinos and antineutrinos respectively. It is important to note that the aL term comes about because of the initial momentum of the neutrinos in the beam and allows for close study of the mass hierarchy since a larger L gives a bigger probability for muon antineutrinos to oscillate \cite{Paley_2012}. oscillate.  The NO$\nu$Aexperiment  is the latest in the long, rich history of particle detectors specialized to study neutrinos. It is a long baseline experiement managed by the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) near Chicago, Illinois and takes advantage of the NuMI (Neutrinos at Main Injector) beam that was constructed for the MINOS project. With the start of NO$\nu$A, the NuMI beam was upgraded to nearly twice the power and new graphite targegts and magnetic horns were installed to provide a narrow-band, high intensity neutrino beam whose energy peaks at the maximum probability for neutrino oscillation \cite{Paley_2012}.