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author = {R. J. Howard and M. A. Ferrari and D. H. Roach and N. P. Money},  title = {Penetration of hard substrates by a fungus employing enormous turgor pressures.},  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}  }" data-bib-key="Howard_1991" contenteditable="false">Howard 1991, and also to widen existing cracks in mineral grains and rock fragments. The results of physical weathering is an increase in mineral surface area exposed to the soil solution.

Less visible is the chemical alteration or dissolution of minerals. Although in principle most primary minerals dissolve in soil solution, certain compounds accelerate the process. The most common, and by far quantitatively most important, are protons,  

Fungal weathering in the lab


From lab to field


Conclusions