mark smits edited Fungal_weathering_in_the_lab__.md  almost 8 years ago

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Similar activities can be performed by other microorganisms in the soil.   For instance, many soil bacteria have a strong capacity to acidify the surrounding when sufficient carbon resources are available.   Trees foster specific communities of bacteria in the rhizosphere, or mycorrhizasphere \cite{Collignon_2011, Calvaruso_2013}, and these organisms may be the active partners of weathering reactions in the soil (review by \citet{Uroz_2009}).   In addition, wood decomposing fungi produce large amounts of oxalic acids when degrading wood \citep{Dutton_1996}, which may have secondary effects on phosphorous release from the soil (\citep{Fransson_2004}. \citep{Fransson_2004}.    It is not clear if organic acid release and acidification is a primary mechanism to release nutrients from soil minerals, or a secondary effect related to the way microorganisms are growing in the soil.  Proton are exuded in response to uptake of positively charged ions regardless of if minerals are present or not, and exudation of organic acids can occur in response to many different factors such as pathogenesis and detoxification of heavy metals\cite{Dutton_1996}. metals \cite{Dutton_1996}.  Furthermore, concentrations of organic acids in soil solution\citep{van_Hees_2000} seldom reach levels that have significant effects on mineral dissolution \citep{chadwick_changing_1999}.  On the other hand, fungal hyphae attach to surfaces to be able to grow and proliferate through the soil, which may affect the surface of the minerals both physically and chemically \citep{McMaster_2008}.  

Also \citet{van_Scholl_2006} demonstrated significant weathering of muscovite by *P. involutus* when K was in low supply while no effect on hornblende was found under Mg deficiency.   Other tested species had no effect on weathering of muscovite under K limitation.  Carefully designed experiment under controlled conditions are necessary in order to increase our understanding of fungal weathering under varying nutrient conditions. Such experiments are necessary in order to predict how forest will respond to future changes in climate and nitrogen deposition deposition.