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\subsubsection{Kinetic Fractionation Factor}  One of the more difficult challenges of modeling isotopic fluxes is the parameterisation of the kinetic fractionation factor. Unlike the equilibrium fractionation that can be determined by careful measurement of surface temperatures, it must be parameterised. From equation 1, the kinetic fractionation factor has in the past been further broken down to   \[\Delta\epsilon = (1-h)\theta .  n .  C_D\] soil resistance ($r^s_s$) - \citet{Lee_2009} used a value 500 s.m^{-1}. This value comes from \citet{Shuttleworth_1990}, where they define values of 0-2000s.m^{-1} for wet (standing water) to dry soils. The value used by \citet{Lee_2009} is the preferred value for intermediary soil moisture stated \citet{Shuttleworth_1990}.