Mark S. Brown edited Method.tex  over 10 years ago

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\subsection{Overview}  The timing coincidence apparatus used in this paper is comprised of two Hamamatsu MPPC S10931-050P SiPMs connected to CERN-developed NINO leading-edge discriminators from which the energy and timing information of individual pulses are collected using a LeCroy DDA 735Zi high-bandwidth oscilloscope. The coincidence apparatus is held within a temperature-controlled chamber to maintain stability of photodetector performance. Further to this, the first 5 minutes of each measurement is discarded due to any potential contribution of temperature variation.  Scintillator crystals are coupled to the SiPM photodetectors using Rhorosil 47V optical grease to improve light output. The refractive indices of L(Y)SO and the optical grease are approximately 1.8 and 1.4\footnote{\href{http://www.silitech.ch/upload/complement_info_fournisseur_d/32.pdf}{http://www.silitech.ch/upload/complement_info_fournisseur_d/32.pdf}} respectively. Wrapped scintillator crystals are tightly bound in many layers of Teflon to ensure good coupling between the scintillator crystal and wrap. Prior to wrapping and usage usage,  all scintillator crystals are cleaned using methanol. All scintillator crystals are handled with carbon-tipped tweezers to prevent formation of surface defects which may degrade the scintillator crystal performance. The optimal threshold and bias values of the SiPMs were determined by parameter sweep and are given in table \ref{tab:optimumparam}. An excellent description of the experimental method can be found in \cite{ch_Meyer_Pizzichemi_Lecoq_2013}. 

\text{CTR} = 2\sqrt{\ln{2}}\sigma  \end{align}  where $\sigma$ is the time resolution of a single scintillator detector. This relationship is due to the convolution of two identical Gaussian distributions corresponding to the individual scintillator detectors.  In cases where we use a reference scintillator detector with a known time resolution, the CTR of an unknown scintillator detector is determined by subtraction in quadrature and a subsequent scaling such that \begin{align}  \text{CTR} = 4\sqrt{\ln{2}}\sqrt{\sigma-\sigma_\textrm{ref}^2} 

where $\sigma_\text{ref}$ is the reference time resolution. All CTR values in this paper are given in picoseconds.  \subsection{Analysis of Data}  The parameters describing the  location and scaleparameters  ofeach Gaussian are determined by  the Levenberg-Marquardt (weighted least-squared) fit, where Gaussian distributions, namely  the photopeaks and delay peak per measurement, were found by weighted least-squared fit. The  error per bin is was assumed poissonian and thus  taken as the square root of the number recorded. of measurements per bin.  The standard  error in each parameter is the fit parameters were  determined by BCA bootstrap. the bootstrap\cite{degroot2012probability}.  The full code used to perform the peak detection, peak fitting and fitting,  parameter error determination and image \& table generation  can be found at \href{https://github.com/marksbrown/ProcessingCTRData}{https://github.com/marksbrown/ProcessingCTRData}.