Mark S. Brown edited introduction.tex  about 10 years ago

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\section{Introduction}   Detection of ionising radiation is typically accomplished by transducing the incoming particle into light. This light can then be converted to an electrical signal and subsequently analysed. Scintillator detectors are comprised of three primary components, as shown in figure \ref{fig:doi-ctr}. Namely a scintillator crystal for creation of thousands of optical photons, a photodetector for conversion of the light to an electrical signal and a layer of optical grease between the two components to improve coupling. Reductions in the scintillator detector detection time uncertainty, known as the time resolution, are important for reducing statistical noise in positron emission tomography (PET) images  The depth of interaction (DOI), shown in figure \ref{fig:doi-ctr}, is the shortest distance to the photodetector from the gamma ray photon ($\gamma$)  interaction position. Determination of the DOI is of importance for positron emission tomography (PET) to negate or reduce the contribution of parallax error upon the spatial resolution \cite{Moses_2001}\cite{Humm_Rosenfeld_Del_Guerra_2003}. Longer scintillator crystals may be used without increased spatial resolution degradation to improve the PET scanner's overall sensitivity and reduce scan time. Within monolithic scintillator detectors the same DOI information allows spatial confinement within the detector \cite{am_Borghi_Seifert_Schaart_2013}\cite{Maas_Bruyndonckx_Schaart_2012}, thus potentially allowing more novel\cite{Dendooven_Lohner_Beekman_2009}\cite{n_der_Lei_van_Dam_Schaart_2013} layouts and geometries. We explore the relationship between the DOI of 511keV gamma ray photons and the timing and energy performance of the scintillator detector. The DOI is a potential source of degradation to the timing and energy performance of the scintillator detector due to photon time of flight and light loss from increased path lengths within the scintillator crystal.