Abstract
Yet, little is known about the direction of abnormal coupling in
conjunction with its degree between joints—muscles—of interest. In
this study, we address the directionality of pathological neural
couplings between joints, and variability in the degree of them, in the
upper extremity post stroke. To evaluate the direction of
interjoint coupling, joint motion and muscle activity in an
involuntary mode while another joint—muscle—was voluntarily
activated were assessed in comparison to those made in a volitional
mode, focusing on the shoulder, elbow and wrist joints. Overall,
involuntary activation of the wrist flexor in the stroke group is
observed when muscles of a more proximal joint voluntarily
activate (p < 0.1 and p <0.05), while activation of
the wrist flexor does not lead to involuntary activation of the shoulder
muscles and elbow flexor, in comparison to the healthy group. In
particular, in the stroke group who is assumed to have a severe
loss of the corticospinal system, the wrist extensor is subordinately
activated by those about the other joints voluntarily activated (p
< 0.05) while it does not cause activations of those about the
other joints. These findings indicate that stroke-caused synergies could
be directional.