Abstract
We prove that a nonequilibrium inhomogeneous giant gas discharge is
realized in the heliosphere with huge values of the parameter
E/N, which determines the temperature of electrons. This
quasi-stationary discharge determines the main parameters of the weak
solar wind (SW) in the heliosphere. In connection with the development
of space technologies and the human spacewalk, the problem of the nature
of the SW is acute. The study of the interference of gravitational and
electrical potentials at the Earth’s surface began with the work of
Hilbert 1600. Such polarization effects – the interference of Coulomb
and gravitational forces – have not been studied well enough even in
the heliosphere. Our article is devoted to this problem.
Pannekoek-Rosseland-Eddington model do not take into account the
important role of highly energetic running (away from the Sun) electrons
and, accordingly, the duality of electron fluxes. According to an
alternative model formulated by we, highly energetic (escaping from the
Sun) electrons leave the Sun and the heliosphere, and weakly energetic
ones, unable to leave the Coulomb potential well (hole) – the
positively charged Sun and the heliosphere, return to the Sun. The weak
difference between the opposite currents of highly energetic (escaping
from the Sun) electrons and weakly energetic (returning to the Sun)
electrons is compensated by the current of positive ions and protons
from the Sun – SW. These dynamic processes maintain a quasi-constant
effective dynamic charge of the Sun and the entire heliosphere. At the
same time, quasi-neutrality in the Sun and heliosphere is well performed
up to 10-36. According to experiments and analytical
calculations based on our model: 1) the plasma in the corona is
nonequilibrium; 2) the maximum electron temperature is
Te ~ 1-2 million degrees; 3)
Te grows from 1000 km away from the Sun and 4) the role
of highly energetic electrons escaping from the plasma leads to a
significant increase in the effective: solar charge and electric fields
in the heliosphere in relation to the Pannekoek-Rosseland-Eddington
model. This is due to the absence of a compensation layer that screens
the effective charge of the Sun. It is not formed at all due to the
escape of highly energetic electrons (as in a conventional gas
discharge) in the entire heliosphere with high temperatures exceeding
the temperature of the Sun’s surface. Thus, the process of escape of
highly energetic electrons forms the internal EMF of the entire
heliosphere. Interference of gravitational and Coulomb potentials in the
entire heliosphere is considered, it is being manifested in generation
of two opposite flows of particles: 1) that are neutral or with a small
charge (to the Sun), and 2) in the form of high-energy electrons
(escaping from the positively charged Sun) and a solar wind (from the
Sun). Calculated values of the registered ion parameters in the solar
wind were compared with experimental observations. Reasons for
generating the ring current in inhomogeneous heliosphere and
inapplicability of the Debye theory in describing processes in the solar
wind (plasma with current) are considered.