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\item VT \cite{Price_2010}:   \begin{itemize}  \item The variable threshold (VT) approach of \citeNP{Price_2010} is based on the regression of phenotypes onto the counts of variants whose minor allele frequencies (MAFs) are below some threshold (e.g. $5\%$) CHECK THIS.  \item Variants The idea is that, variants  with MAF below some threshold are more likely to be functional than the variants with higher MAF. \item For each possible MAF threshold, VT computes a z-score and uses the maximum of z-score over all allele frequency thresholds. The statistical significance is assessed by permutation testing on phenotypes.  \item For each possible MAF threshold, a genotype score is computed based on a given collapsing theme(CHECK THIS). The chosen MAF threshold maximizes the association signal and permutation testing is used to adjust for the multiple thresholds.  \item In their simulations, \citeNP{Price_2010} found that the VT approach had high power to detect the association between rare variants and disease traits when effects are in one direction.