Method

We first tested both n-Ge and p-Ge. We calculated the carrier density of each type using Equation \ref{eq:Hallcoefficient} and Equation \ref{eq:density}.

\(B\) in the equation represents the magnetic field, which can be calculated from the current sent through the electromagnet using the electromagnet calibration result for transverse sensor as shown in Equation \ref{eq:Transverse}. We then plotted \(V_{H}\) vs \(B\) as shown in Figure \ref{fig:n}, Figure \ref{fig:p} and Figure \ref{fig:silver}, and used this slope to calculate the Hall coefficient and carrier density.

We then tested a silver(Ag) sample. Eventhough the carrier type of silver is unknown, we expect it to be negative due to its conductive nature. Again, we calculated the carrier density using the same method as shown above for n-Ge and p-Ge.