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\subsection{Shot Noise:}  The concept of shot noise was first introduced in 1988 by Walter Schottky who described the noise generated in the form of Poisson Statistics. The Poisson Statistics show that the randomized events of an imbalance of electrons across the resistor are significant and not ignorable. Instead, these fluctuations are measurable and produce the charge of the electron if measured correctly. To find the charge Schottky's prediction  of a fundamental relation between  the electron, you need to find size of  the fluctuations $<\delta i^2(t)>$ in a  current ($V_{sq}$) across the resistor, find $\Delta f$ (Bandwidth), and you need to know the different gains from the amplifiers ($G_1$ of uncorrelated (randomly emitted) electrons of average magnitude $i_{dc}$ is produced by a photo-diode illuminated by a light bulb  and$G_2$). To find  the charge, you can use the following equation: amount of charge $e$ carried by an individual electron in that current:  \begin{equation}  10 V_{sq} \label{eq:SchottkyPredictionForShotNoise}  <\delta i^2(t)>  = \left( 2 e i_{dc} (2 e) \left(i_{\textrm{dc}}  \Delta f \right) \left( G_1 G_2 R \right)^{2} \right).  \end{equation}  where $e$ $\Delta f$  is the charge of the electron ENBW, as before, and would explain  thatwe are looking for, R is the resistance of the resistor used.  Or,  you rewrite the shot equation as $<\delta i^2> / \Delta f $ vs $2 i_{dc}$ with a slope could determine $e$ from measurements  of $e$. $<\delta i^2(t)>$ and $i_{dc}$.