Madeline Horn edited untitled.tex  over 8 years ago

Commit id: b224540274cae25698ca459a870b9017cbcbe003

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In order to find the Boltzmann constant and the charge of the electron, we had to perform the Johnson Noise Experiment and the Shot Noise Experiment. We performed the Johnson Noise Experiment in order to find the Boltzman Constant: $1.38064852 × 10^{-23} \textrm{ m}^2 \textrm{ kg} \textrm{ s}^{-2} \textrm{ K}^{-1}$. We performed the Shot Noise Experiment in order to find the charge of an electron: 1.60217662 × 10-19 coulombs.  \textit{Shot Noise}  To perform the Shot Noise Experiment, we used the Noise Fundamentals devices and two digital multi-meters. Our settings for the Noise Fundamentals devices were as follows: we used the trans-impedance amplifier with a resistance of 10K ohm, a Gain (G1) of 100 through the preamp, we used a bandwidth of 100K Hz which has an equivalent noise bandwidth of 115.303K Hz, and we varied the voltage across the photo-diode from 0 to -120 mV. To avoid saturating the values of Vsq (read from the multimeter attached after the signal (Vsq) went through the filter, the gain, and the multiplier) we had to vary the gain (G2) from 5000, to 4000, and finally to 3000. Our multiplier had a setting of AxA because we needed to square the signal. We recorded the Vsq values in Volts and we recorded the V across the photo-diode in mV. Vsq is the signal that has been filtered.  When we recorded the data, we needed to find the error in the instruments in order to find the systematic error and eliminate it from our recorded values of both Vsq and the voltage across the photo-diode. In order to do this, every time we changed our gain, we had to drop the voltage across the photo-diode to 0V and record the systematic error in both multi-meters.