Madeline Horn edited Abstract.tex  over 8 years ago

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\begin{Abstract}  Two sources of noise, Johnson noise and shot noise, are investigated in this experiment. The Johnson noise which is the voltage fluctuations across a resistor that arose from the random motion of electrons. It was measured across different resistances and at different bandwidths at room temperature, resulting in a calculation of the Boltzmann constant of $1.46 \cdot 10^{-23} \textrm{ m}^2 \textrm{ kg} \textrm{ s}^{-2} \textrm{ K}^{-1} \pm2.5 \cdot 10^{-21} \textrm{ m}^2 \textrm{ kg} \textrm{ s}^{-2} \textrm{ K}^{-1}$ and $1.46 \cdot 10^{-23} \textrm{ m}^2 \textrm{ kg} \textrm{ s}^{-2} \textrm{ K}^{-1} \pm2.6 \cdot 10^{-21} \textrm{ m}^2 \textrm{ kg} \textrm{ s}^{-2} \textrm{ K}^{-1}$. The shot noise occurs due to the quantization of charge, and was measured by varying current in the system, with which we calculated the electron charge of $1.64 \cdot 10^{-19} \pm 2.1 7.0  \cdot 10^{-26} \textrm{C}$. 10^{ -22}$.  They agree quite well with the accepted values of $1.38064852 \cdot 10^{-23} \textrm{ m}^2 \textrm{ kg} \textrm{ s}^{-2} \textrm{ K}^{-1}$, and $1.64 \cdot 10^{-19} \textrm{C}$ for the Boltzmann constant and electron charge respectively. Errors are discussed. \end{Abstract}