Lucy Liang edited Abstract.tex  over 8 years ago

Commit id: 2640697cda765523c3958683646b53718dd5b419

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\begin{Abstract}  \centering  Two fundamental noises, Johnson noise and shot noise, are investigated in this experiment. The Johnson noise which is the voltage fluctuations across a resistor that arose from the random motion of electrons. It was measured across different resistances and at different bandwidths at room temperature, resulting in a calculation of the Boltzmann constant of $1.46 \cdot 10^{-23} \textrm{ m}^2 \textrm{ kg} \textrm{ s}^{-2} \textrm{ K}^{-1}$. The shot noise occurs due to the quantization of charge, and was measured by varying current in the system, with which we calculated the electron charge of $1.64 \cdot 10^{-19} \pm 2.1 \cdot 10^{-26} \textrm{C}$. They agree quite well with the accepted values of $1.38064852 \cdot 10^{-23} \textrm{ m}^2 \textrm{ kg} \textrm{ s}^{-2} \textrm{ K}^{-1}$, and $1.64 \cdot 10^{-19} \textrm{C}$ for the Boltzmann constant and electron charge respectively. Errors are discussed.  \end{Abstract}