Lucy Liang edited subsection_Understanding_Electronic_Noise_The__.tex  over 8 years ago

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\subsection{Understanding Electronic Noise:}  The %The  reason we can perform the shot noise and Johnosn noise experiment is because at aAt  any given time there are different amounts of electrons within the given apparatus. For example, if you average the number of electrons on one side of a resistor and average them on the other side of the resistor, at any given second there could be an imbalance of electrons. In any electronic device, noise is the random fluctuations of electrons in the DC current. This happens only because current is composed of discrete amounts of electrons that can become unbalanced from one side of an apparatus to another (like a resistor). Because the amount of energy an electron carries is very small compared to most experiments, many people ignore the noise in their electronics. For this report, we are amplifying the electronic noise in order to find the charge of the electron. There exists many different kinds of electronic noises. For example, there is noise that arises from small thermal fluctuations of electrons in a conductor, where at any instance, there may be an imbalance of electrons on the two sides of the conductor, resulting in a voltage fluctuation across the conductor. This is called the Johnson noise. Another type of fundamental noise exists in DC currents. They are small fluctuations in DC currents that are resulted from the quantization of charge. This is called the shot noise. In this experiment, we will be measuring Johnson noise and shot noise to find the Boltzmann constant and the elementary charge using the physics behind them.