Lucy Liang edited section_Experiment_on_Shot_Noise__.tex  over 8 years ago

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To perform the Shot Noise Experiment, we used the Noise Fundamentals devices and two digital multi-meters. Our settings for the Noise Fundamentals devices were as follows: we used the trans-impedance amplifier with a resistance of $10 k \Omega$, a Gain ($G1$) of $\times100$ through the preamp, we used a bandwidth of $100$ KHz which has an equivalent noise bandwidth of $115.303$ KHz, and we varied the voltage across the photo-diode from $0$ to $-120 \textrm{ mV}$.   =====To find the charge of the electron through Shot Noise, we used the Noise Fundamentals instrument by \href{http://teachspin.com/instruments/noise/index.shtml}{TEACHSPIN} and a digital multi-meter. The Noise Fundamentals box was used in order to vary the settings needed to understand shot noise such as varying the voltage across the photo-diode and to vary the gain. The current was read from the multimeter attached after the signal ($V_{sq}$) went through the filter, the gain, and the multiplier. It was important to vary the gains because if we did not vary them, the $V_{sq}$ signal would saturate or become too small and will not reflect the relationship correctly.====  To avoid saturating the values of Vsq (read from the multimeter attached after the signal ($V_{sq}$) went through the filter, the gain, and the multiplier) we had to vary the gain ($G2$) from $\times5000$, to $\times4000$, and finally to $\times3000$. Our multiplier had a setting of AxA because we needed to square the signal. We recorded the Vsq values in Volts and we recorded the V across the photo-diode in mV. $V_{sq}$ is the signal that has been filtered.  To obtain all of our voltage values for Shot Noise, we averaged 100 data points using the multi-meter. This reduced our error significantly.