Abstract
I have made some revisions according to the advices of other researchers
and submitted a new version of the theory (v4). I also have added a
supplementary material for the the new version, including some detailed
explanations and derivations.
In the proposed theory, the total electromagnetic energy of a radiator
is separated into three parts: a Coulomb-velocity energy, a radiative
energy, and a macroscopic Schott energy. The Coulomb-velocity energy is
considered to be attached to the sources as the same in the charged
particle theory. It becomes zero as soon as its sources have
disappeared. The radiative energy leaves the radiator and propagates to
the surrounding space. The macroscopic Schott energy continues to exist
for a short time after the sources have disappeared. It is a kind of
oscillating energy and is considered to be responsible for energy
exchange between the reactive energy and the radiative energy,
performing like the Schott energy in the charged particle theory. As the
Poynting vector describes the total power flux density related to the
total electromagnetic energy, it should include the contributions of the
real radiative power and a pseudo power flow caused by the fluctuation
of the reactive energy. The energies involved in the electromagnetic
mutual coupling are interpreted in a similar way. In the theory, all
energies are defined with explicit expressions in which the vector
potential plays an important role. The time domain formulation and the
frequency domain formulation of the theory are in consistent with each
other. The theory is also verified with Hertzian dipole. Numerical
examples demonstrate that the theory may provide insightful
interpretation for electromagnetic radiation and mutual coupling
problems.