Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a direction of arrival (DoA) estimation
method based on a technique named phase spectrometry (PS) that is mainly
suitable for mm-Wave and Tera-hertz applications as an alternative for
DoA estimation using antenna arrays. PS is a conventional technique in
optics to measure phase difference between two waves at different
frequencies of the spectrum. Here we adapt PS for the same purpose in
the radio frequency band. We show that we can emulate a large array
exploiting only two antennas. To this end, we measure phase difference
between the two antennas for different frequencies using PS.
Consequently, we demonstrate that we can radically reduce the complexity
of the receiver required for DoA estimation employing PS. We consider
two different schemes for implementation of PS: via a long wave-guide
and frequency code-book. We show that using a frequency code-book,
higher processing gain can be achieved. Moreover, we introduce three PS
architectures: for device to device DoA estimation, for base-station in
uplink scenario and an ultra-fast DoA estimation technique mainly for
radar and aerial and satellite communications. Simulation and analytical
results show that, PS is capable of detecting and discriminating between
multiple incoming signals with different DoAs. Moreover, our results
also show that, the angular resolution of PS depends on the distance
between the two antennas and the band-width of the frequency code-book.
Finally, the performance of PS is compared with a uniform linear array
(ULA) and it is shown that PS can perform the same, with a much less
complex receiver, and without the prerequisite of spatial search for DoA
estimation.