Emily A Kaplan edited Figure_shows_our_raw_data__.tex  over 8 years ago

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Figure Figure~\ref{fig:DopplerFit}  shows our raw data (blue) and multiple Lorentzian fits (red) for the four transitions in the study. The first graph in the figure shows the hyperfine structure corresponding to the $5^{2}S_{1/2}$ F=1 ground state to the $5^{2}P_{3/2}$ F=0, F=1, and F=2 excited states of $^{87}$Rb. The second graph in the figure shows the hyperfine structure corresponding to the $5^{2}S_{1/2}$ F=2 ground state to the $5^{2}P_{3/2}$ F=1, F=2, and F=3 excited states of $^{85}$Rb. The third graph shows the hyperfine structure corresponding to the $5^{2}S_{1/2}$ F=3 ground state to the $5^{2}P_{3/2}$ F=2, F=3, and F=4 excited states of $^{85}$Rb. The fourth graph shows the hyperfine structure corresponding to the $5^{2}S_{1/2}$ F=2 ground state to the $5^{2}P_{3/2}$ F=1, F=2, and F=3 excited states of $^{87}$Rb. With the transitions we measure, we expect to see three hyperfine peaks due to three hyperfine states. Due to reasons detailed in the Introduction we actually see six peaks. It is also worthwhile to mention that in the graphs of hyperfine structure corresponding to $5^{2}S_{1/2}$ F=1 ground state to the $5^{2}P_{3/2}$ F=0, F=1, and F=2 excited states of $^{87}$Rb and the $5^{2}S_{1/2}$ F=2 ground state to the $5^{2}P_{3/2}$ F=1, F=2, and F=3 excited states of $^{85}$Rb some of the crossovers appear to be negative. Crossover peaks arise whenever there are enough atoms whose Doppler shifts are half the frequency difference between two transitions, see the Introduction. Multiple upper and lower energy levels in atoms add complexities which can lead to a process called optical pumping. Optical pumping occurs when the excited level can spontaneously decay to more than one lower level. This process can cause the probe beam to show increased absorption rather than decreased absorption, and thus we will see a negative crossover peak.