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Nathanael A. Fortune added In_order_to_create_these__.tex
over 8 years ago
Commit id: 77fe1d7bea2390a599be6a662d9dd367ae7980c7
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In order to create these particular circumstances in the experimental arrangement two grids are placed between an electron-emitting cathode (filament) and an anode used for electron collection. The beam is accelerated between the cathode and grid 1 ($G_{1}$), then bombards atoms of the element between grid 1 and grid 2 ($G_{2}$). A retarding voltage between grid 2 and the anode prevents electrons that have lost most of their energy from reaching the anode. When the atoms in the vapor are excited to their first energy level, a decrease in the electron current is observed, as is true for when the atoms are excited to energy levels of higher values. These dips are located on a rising background curve. Dips are not perfectly sharp, due to the of the lifetime of each excited state, and due to the distribution of velocities for emitted electrons. Though it was previously thought that these dips were equidistant to one another, more recent studies have shown that the distance between successive points increases linearly. Plots of the linearly increasing distances between these points were analyzed in order to determine excitation energy for the lowest state for all three elements.
