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William edited Neon_Argon_and_Mercury_were__.tex
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Neon, Argon, and Mercury were tested in three independent experiments. Monatomic gases were used in order to prevent molecular transitions. If a molecular transition were to occur, it is likely that some of the energy lost in the inelastic collisions would results from molecules separating into singular atoms, thus complicating the analysis. A general circuit diagram for the experimental setup is shown in Figure 1, containing all the elements previously discussed. Figure 2 shows the specific circuits used in each experiment. They are all relatively similar, save a few specific modifications. Mercury is the only element for which a heating chamber is required, since it is a liquid at room temperature.
The Since Mercury is a liquid at room temperature, the heating chamber
causes allows the
room temperature mercury Mercury to undergo a phase
transition, transition so that it
may be used for study. In addition, is in a gaseous state. Once Mercury is
in a gaseous state, electrons can collide with individual atoms, thus it becomes usable in this study. The mean free path, $\lambda$, is dependent on the
only element that requires only one grid. cross section, $\rho$, of an interaction and the density, $N$. For mercury, $lambda$ can be approximated using Eqn 1.
\begin{equation}\label{eq:MeanFreePathMercury}
\lambda = \frac{k_{B}T}{\sqrt(2)\rho P}
\end{equation}
For all elements, fixed value DC voltage sources and potentiometers were replaced by constant current/constant voltage power supplies with adjustable voltages.
A In order to obtain the resolution needed to see the complicated shape of the excitation curve the output voltage from a current preamplifier and the accelerating voltage were connected to two separate digital multimeters. Not only was the current preamplifier
introduced in the experimental setup for Neon and Argon in order to convert current to voltage but it was also used to reduce noise. Since the output of the current preamp was very noisy in the absence of a filter, a lowpass filter was introduced
to remove frequencies above $30 Hz$. Further information about Not only was the current preamplifier introduced in the experimental setup for Neon and
Argon. Argon in order to convert current to voltage but it was al and to reduce noise. An attempt to refine the observed signal was made using a variety of methods, so that it might be possible to resolve fine structure of the different energy levels. While some of this fine structure is clearly visible in the collected data, not enough data was collected for the observed fine structure to be quantifiable.