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Paul St-Aubin edited Methodology Measurements TTC.tex
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\subsubsection{Time-to-collision}
Time-to-collision (TTC) is one of the most popular surrogate safety measures. It is a method of quantifying proximity to danger. Time-to-collision measures the time, at a given interaction-instant $t_0$, until two road users collide, if they collide, based on the motion prediction model. In the simplest form, e.g. constant velocity, time-to-collision is the ratio of differential velocity and differential
distance. position. A TTC value of 0 seconds is, by definition, a collision. TTC is particularly useful as it has the same dimensions as some important traffic accident factors such as user perception and reaction time and breaking time. Larger values of observed TTC thus provide greater factors of safety for these driving tasks.
Time-to-collision is measured instantaneously: a new value of TTC may be computed for every interaction-instant. Thus, a pair of users may have a time series of TTC observations evolving over time. Some efforts have been made to study these evolutions \cite{Mohamed_2013}. Other approaches have focused on quantile or threshold observations \cite{Svensson_2006}, while others still attempt to examine instantaneous risk and significance of TTC.