Peter Schury edited untitled.tex  over 8 years ago

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In preliminary work towards No and Lr mass measurements (NP1306-LINAC07) we made precision mass measurements of $^{205,206}$Fr and $^{201}$At and rough mass measurements of $^{201}$Bi, $^{201, 205}$Po, $^{205, 206}$At and $^{205, 206}$Rn \cite{Schury_2015}. These measurements were achieved with only 6 hours of machine time, during which the system efficiency was $\approx$0.05\%.  As shown in Fig.~\ref{figIsobars}, we have demonstrated an ability to measure multiple isobaric chains simultaneously. This will enable a very efficient survey of the general mass landscape in this region.  \section{Experimental goals}  \subsection{Survey of mass landscape}  Particularly for Ac, Th, and Pa isotopes in this region the mass landscape is not well-studied. The region has very few directly measured mass values, and where masses are directly measured they tend to have been done at ESR \cite{Litvinov_2008} and could benefit from a cross-check by an alternate method. As reported in \cite{Schury_2015}, we found deviations from ESR values for $^{201}$As and $^{201}$Po.   \subsection{Determination of isomeric production ratios}  The large number isomeric states known to exist in this region provide us with a special means to investigate the nuclear structure in this region. It is generally understood that direct production (e.g. by fragmentation or complete fusion) of nuclei can be na\"{i}vely understood, to zeroth-order, to populate spin states with a probability proportional to $I(I+1)$. Historically, studies of isomeric ratios \cite{Bowry_2013}\cite{de_Jong_1997} have measured the decay of isomeric and ground states to infer the relative populations. While such studies are the only means to address short-lived ($T_{1/2}\ll$1~ms) isomeric states, they require corrections for detector efficiencies, et cetera. By direct mass measurements, we will determine the production ratios without need for such corrections. \subsection{Verification of isomeric existence}  In the region we desire to study there are 23 nuclei with isomeric states of $T_{1/2}\gg$1~ms. Among these only six isomeric states have been identified by detection of $\gamma$-rays from internal transition. In 15 cases, the isomeric states have been inferred from detection of multiple $\alpha$-decays energies. In the remaining cases, the isomer is presumed to exist due to largely differeing half-life measurements. Among the inferred isomers, there are six cases where the measured half-lives of ground state and isomeric state are within 2$\sigma$ of eachother. We believe that there is a reasonable possibility that in at least some cases, the isomeric state may be incorrectly inferred from decay to an excited state in the daughter nucleus.