This is the 4.1 Command and Options Summary. It details usage for many of the new commands and options that are available in 4. Please see the 4.1 Author’s Guide for complete information on how to use 4.1. Class options for the \documentclass line are marked with square brackets. Environments are indicated by \begin{<env>} and always require a matching \end{<env>} .
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4/ Markup&Details and Usage
4/ Markup&Details and Usage
[aps] & American Physical Society styling. Default.
[aip] & American Institute of Physics styling.
[prl] , [pra] , [prb] , [prc] , [prd] , [pre] , [prstab] , [prstper] , [rmp] & Further customize [aps] styling for APS journals.
[apl] , [bmf] , [cha] , [jap] , [jcp] , [jmp] , [rse] , [pof] , [pop] , [rsi] & Further customize [aip] styling for AIP journals.
[twocolumn] & Two-column formatting.
[onecolumn] & Single-column formatting.
[preprint] & Single-column formatting with increased interline spacing.
[reprint] & Closely approximate a given journal’s style. Can be either single or two-column formatting depending on the journal.
[10pt] , [11pt] , [12pt] & Set font size. [preprint] gives [12pt] , [twocolumn] gives [10pt] by default.
[groupedaddress] & Group authors with same affiliations together. Default.
[superscriptaddress] & Associate authors with affiliations via superscript numbers. Appropriate for collaborations or if several authors share some, but not all, affiliations.
[draft] & Mark overfull lines.
[linenumbers] & Number lines (requires lineno.sty).
[longbibliography] & Use alternative BibTeX style files that show journal article titles in the bibliography.
[amsfonts] , [noamsfonts] & Load (don’t load) amsfonts package. Adds AMS font support.
[amssymb] , [noamssymb] & Load (don’t load) amssymb package. Adds additional AMS symbols.
[amsmath] , [noamsmath] & Load (don’t load) amsmath package. Adds AMS-LaTeX features.
[preprintnumbers] , [nopreprintnumbers] & Control display of preprint numbers given by \preprint command. [preprintnumbers] is default for [preprint] ; otherwise [nopreprintnumbers] is default.
[floatfix] & Invoke emergency processing to avoid the LaTeX error ``Too many unprocessed floats'' or all subsequent floats being moved to the end of the job. 4 will display a message recommending this option if warranted.
[bibnotes] , [nobibnotes] & Control location of author footnotes. Default varies with journal style.
[footinbib] , [nofootinbib] & Control location of footnotes. Default varies with journal style.
[altaffilletter] , [altaffillsymbol] & Use letters or symbols for \altaffiliation superscripts. [altaffillsymbol] is default.
[unsortedaddress] & Like [groupedaddress] , but doesn’t combine authors together who share the same affiliations.
[runinaddress] & Like [groupedaddress] , but joins multiple affiliations together into a single sequence separated by commas.
[showpacs] , [noshowpacs] & Control display of PACS: line.
[showkeys] , [noshowkeyws] & Control display of Keywords: line.
[tightenlines] & Single space manuscript (for use with [preprint] ).
[floats] & Position floats near call outs. Default.
[endfloats] & Move all floats to the end of the document.
[endfloats*] & Move all floats to the end of the document and put each on a separate page.
[titlepage] , [notitlepage] & Control appearance of title page.
[final] & Don’t mark overfull lines. Default.
[letterpaper] , [a4paper] , [a5paper] & Select paper size. [letterpaper] is default.
[oneside] , [twoside] & Control book syle layout. [oneside] is default.
[fleqn] & Flush displayed equations left.
[eqsecnum] & Number equations by section.
[balancelastpage] , [nobalancelastpage] & Control [twocolumn] balancing on last page. [balancelastpage] is default.
[raggedbottom] , [flushbottom] & Control [twocolumn] balancing. [flushbottom] is default.
[raggedfooter] , [noraggedfooter] & Control positioning of footer. [noraggedfooter] is default.
[byrevtex] & Display “Typeset by 4”.
[citeautoscript] & Fix up spacing and punctuation when switching from non-superscript style citations to superscript citation styles. \cite commands and associated spacing and punctuation should be as for the non-superscript style.
[galley] & Typeset in a single narrow column.
[nomerge] & Allows processing of legacy documents that use square brackets as part of the key in a cite command.
\title{<title>} & The manuscript title.
\author{One Author} & Specify one author’s name.
\surname{Lloyd Weber} , \surname{Mao} & Indicate which part of a name within \author should be used for alphabetizing and indexing.
\email[<optional text>]{[email protected]} & Specify an e-mail address for an author.
\homepage[<optional text>] {http://any.edu/homepage/} & Specify a URL for an author’s web site.
\altaffiliation[optional text] {affiliation information} &Specify an alternate or temporary address for an author.
\thanks{text} & Additional information about an author not covered by the more specific macros above.
\collaboration{<The Collaboration>} & Specify a collaboration name for a group of authors. Should be placed after the authors.
\affiliation{text} & Specify a single affiliation. Applies to all previous authors without a specified affiliation.
\noaffiliation & For an author or collaboration without an affiliation.
\date{<date>} & Show the date on the manuscript. \date{\today} gives the current date.
\begin{abstract} & Start the manuscript’s abstract. Must appear before \maketitle command.
\pacs{<pacs codes>} & PACS codes for manuscript. Multiple PACS codes should be specified together in a single \pacs macro.
\keywords{<keywords>} & Suggested keywords for indexing.
\preprint{<report number>} & Specify an institutional report number to appear in the upper-righthand corner of the first page. Multiple \preprint macros may be supplied, but space may limit how many can appear.
\maketitle & Typeset the title/author/abstract block.
\section{<heading>}, \subsection{<heading>} , \subsubsection{<heading>} & Start a new section or subsection.
\section*{<heading>} & Start a new section without a number.
\appendix & Makes all following sections appendices.
\appendix* & Signifies there is a single appendix section to follow.
\begin{acknowledgments} & Start an Acknowledgments section. Note spelling.
\lowercase{<text>} & Escape a letter or word from being uppercased in a top-level \section heading.
\bibliography{<bib file basename>} & Specify a list of .bib files in which to find references. Read in the resulting .bbl file. For use with BibTeX .
\bibliographystyle{<bst stylefile>} & Specify a BibTeX (.bst) style file to use. APS journal options select the proper default (apsrev or apsrmp).
\begin{thebibliography} & Start the reference section (when not using BibTeX).
\bibitem[<optional text>]{<key>} & Specify a single reference.
\cite{<list of keys>} & Cite one or more references. <key> is same as that of \bibitem . Prepend a * in front of a key to merge the reference with the previous one in the bibliography.
\cite{*[{<prepended>}][{<appended>}]{<keys>} & Prepend and/or append text to a bibliography entry. Note use of curly braces within the square brackets.
\onlinecite{<key>} & For superscript style citations, place the corresponding number on the baseline rather than as a superscript.
\bibinfo[<tag>]{<text>} & A pure markup macro that adds tagging information to the components of a reference. 4 BibTeX style files automatically add them appropriately. Doesn’t affect the typesetting.
\url{<url>} & Typeset a URL ( 4 automatically loads url.sty).BibTeX styles automatically add this markup.
\eprint{<e-print id>} & Typeset an e-print identifier. BibTeX styles automatically add this markup.
\footnote{<text>} & Create a footnote or endnote in bibliography depending on class options. \footnote within a table will create a footnote attached to the table.
\footnotemark{<key>} , \footnotetext[<key>]{<text>} & In a table, allows for multiple items to share the note.
\label{<key>} & Label an item for cross-referencing. \label should appear within the argument of the cross-referenced item (e.g., \section{\label{<key>}...} or \caption{\label{<key>}...} .
\ref{<key>} & Refer to an item labeled by \label{<key>} .
\pageref{<key>} & Refer to the page on which an item labeled by \label{<key>} appears.
$ & Inline math delimiter.
\begin{equation} & Display numbered one-line equation.
\[ , \] & Display unnumbered one-line equation.
\begin{eqnarray} & Display multiple equations together or a long equation that requires multiple lines. Use widetext environment for an equation that must span the page in two-column formatting.
\nonumber & Suppress numbering of an equation with eqnarray .
\begin{eqnarray*} & Display multiple equations with no equation numbering at all.
& & Alignment character for equations within eqnarray .
\\ & End a row in eqnarray .
\\* & Prevent a page break at this point in an eqnarray .
\label{<key>} & Label an equation or group of equations for cross-referencing.
\ref{<key>} & Refer to an equation by its label (e.g., Eq~(ref{<key>}) ).
\tag{<key}} & Specify an alternative labeling separate from the automatic numbering of equations. Requires [amsmath] .
\text{<text>} & Non-italicized text within a math context. Requires [amsmath] . Do not use \rm , \textrm , or \mbox .
\begin{split} & Split equations with alignment.
\begin{multline} & Split equations without alignment.
\begin{align} & Equation groups with alignment.
\begin{gather} & Equation groups without alignment.
\begin{subequations} & Create an equation array in which each equation is individually numbered (4a, 4b, 4c, etc.) as part of a single group of equations that can be referenced as a whole.
\intertext & Textual interjections witin a display equation.
\usepackage{amscd} & Create commutative diagrams.
\begin{pmatrix} & Matrices with parentheses as delimiters.
\begin{bmatrix} & Matrices with square brackets as delimiters.
\begin{Bmatrix} & Matrices with curly braces as delimiters.
\begin{vmatrix} & Matrices with vertical bars as delimiters.
\begin{Vmatrix} & Matrices with double vertical bars as delimiters.
\hdotsfor & Row of dots in a matrix.
\Hat & Alternative \hat accent for stacking.
\Check & Alternative \check accent for stacking.
\Tilde & Alternative \tilde accent for stacking.
\Acute & Alternative \acute accent for stacking.
\Grave & Alternative \grave accent for stacking.
\Dot & Alternative \dot accent for stacking.
\Ddot & Alternative \ddot accent for stacking.
\Breve & Alternative \breve accent for stacking.
\Vec & Alternative \vec accent for stacking.
\xleftarrow & Extensible left arrow.
\xrightarrow & Extensible right arrow.
\overset & Place a symbol over another.
\underset & Place a symbol under another.
\lvert & Vertical bar with spacing rules appropriate for use as a left delimiter.
\rvert & Vertical bar with spacing rules appropriate for use as a right delimiter.
\lVert & Double vertical bar with spacing rules appropriate for use as a left delimiter.
\rVert & Double vertical bar with spacing rules appropriate for use as a right delimiter.
\DeclareMathOperator & Declare a new math operator so that spacing and font is correct.
\text & Words and phrases in display math.
\boldsymbol & Make symbol bold. Also available in bm.sty.
\sideset & Sets subscripts and superscripts at the corners of a summation or product.
\substack & Create a stack of subexpressions (for example, stacked summation limits).
\begin{subarray} & Like \substack , but allows finer control of subexpression alignment.
\mathfrak & Replaces \frak .
\mathbb & Replaces \Bbb .
\textbf{<text>} & Text boldface font.
\textit{<text>} & Text italicixed font.
\textrm{<text>} & Text Roman font.
\textsl{<text>} & Text Slanted font.
\textsc{<text>} & Text Small Caps font.
\textsf{<text>} & Text Sans Serif font.
\textmd{<text>} & Text Medium Series font.
\textnormal{<text>} & Text Normal Series font.
\textup{<text>} & Text Upright Series font.
\texttt{<text>} & Text Typewriter font.
\mathit{<text>} & Math italics font.
\mathbf{<text>} & Math boldface font.
\mathtt{<text>} & Math typewriter font.
\mathsf{<text>} & Math sans serif font.
\mathcal{<text>} & Math calligraphic font.
\mathfrak{<text>} & Math fraktur font. Requires [amsfonts] or [amssymb] .
\mathbb{<text>} & Math blackboard bold font. Requires [amsfonts] or [amssymb] .
\bm{<text>} & Bold math symbols (Greek and other symbols). Requires \usepackage{bm} .
\begin{table}[<placement>] & Start a table float environment set to the current column width. The placement options may be any combination of h, t, b, p, or ! signifying here, top, bottom, page, and “as soon as possible”, respectively. A placement option of H will allow a long table to break across pages. LaTeX may not be able to honor placement requests.
\begin{table*} & Start a non-floating table environment set to the current page width. Will be deferred to the following page.
\begin{ruledtabular} & Adds Physical Review style double (Scotch) rules around a table and adjusts the intercolumn spacing.
\begin{tabular}[<position>]{<column specs>} & The \tabular envrionment sets the positions and the number of columns (as well as alignment) in the table.
\begin{tabular*}{<width>}[<pos>]{<col specs>} & Like tabular , but with a set width.
\squeezetable & Set table in a smaller font smaller. Place this macro before the \begin{table} line and sandwich everything between \begingroup and \endgroup .
\begin{longtable}{<column specs>} & Create a table set to the current column width that spans more than one page or column. \usepackage{longtable} required.
\begin{longtable*}{<column specs>} & Create a table set to the current page width that spans more than one page. \usepackage{longtable} required.
\caption{<text>} & Adds a caption for the table.
\printtables & With [endfloats] , control where the held back tables actually appear.
\begin{turnpage} & Rotate a table or figure by 90 degrees (landscape mode). Will put figure or table on a page by itself. Requires \graphics package.
\begin{figure}[<placement>] & Start a figure float environment set to the current column width. The placement options may be any combination of h, t, b, p, or ! signifying here, top, bottom, page, and “as soon as possible”, respectively. A placement option of H will allow a long table to break across pages. LaTeX may not be able to honor placement requests.
\begin{figure*} & Start a non-floating figure environment set to the current page width. Will be deferred to the following page.
\includegraphics[<scale,rotation>] {fig file} & Defined by invoking either \usepackage{graphics} or \usepackage{graphicx} , the standard packages for calling in figures. graphicx is the same as graphics , but uses key-value pairs for optional arguments.
\usepackage{epsfig} & Provides an alternative interface to the graphics package similar to the epsf class option in 3.
\printfigures & With [endfloats] , control where the held back figures actually appear.
\begin{widetext} & Change column width to be the page width. Will add guiding rules.
\twocolumngrid & Low-level switch to a two column layout.
\onecolumngrid & Low-level switch to a single page-wide column layout.
\protect & Protect a fragile command within a macro with a “moving” argument. \caption and \footnote are common macros that have moving arguments.
\frac{numerator}{denominator} & Create a fraction. Use in place of \over .
\textemdash &
\textendash &
\textexclamdown &
\textquestiondown &
\textquotedblleft &
\textquotedblright &
\textquoteleft &
\textquoteright &
\textbullet &
\textperiodcentered &
\textvisiblespace &
\textcompworkmark & Break a ligature.
\textcircled{<char>} & Circle a character. .
\lambdabar & \(\lambdabar\)
& \(\openone\)
& \(\altsuccsim\)
& \(\altprecsim\)
& \(\alt\)
& \(\agt\)
x & \(\tensor x\)
x & \(\overstar x\)
x & \(\loarrow x\)
x & \(\roarrow x\)
\mathring{x} & \(\mathring{x}\) (Replaces \overcir ). Standard .
\dddot{x} & \(\dddot{x}\) (Replaces \overdots ). Requires [amsmath] .
\triangleq & \(\triangleq\) (Replaces \corresponds ). Requires [amssymb] .
( ) & \(\biglb( \bigrb)\)
( ) & \(\Biglb( \Bigrb)\)
( ) & \(\bigglb( \biggrb)\)
( ) & \(\Bigglb( \Biggrb)\)