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\subsection{Bat Algorithm}  \label{s.ba}  Based on the behavior of bats, Yang e Gandomi~\cite{Yang_2012} proposed a new meta-heuristic optimization technique called Bat Algorithm (BA), which has been designed to behave as a band of bats tracking prey/foods using their capability of echolocation. BA works under certain assumptions: (i) all bats use echolocation to sense distance, and they also ``know"\ the difference between food/prey and background barriers; and (ii) a bat (agent) $i$ flies randomly with velocity $\textbf{v}_i$ at position $\textbf{x}_i$ and  with a fixed frequency $q_i$. \subsection{Firefly Algorithm}  \label{s.ffa}