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\subsubsection{Motor Evoked Potential with TMS}  Motor evoked potentials (MEP) will be recorded from MS subjects and healthy controls with a single coil MagStim transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device at the maximal strength. First, we will perform a nerve conduction study of the right and left ulnar nerve to make sure the nerves are functioning properly. Next, the MagStim device will be placed over the right and left motor cortices, and the time between the stimulus and beginning of the evoked response in the pre-innervated ulnar muscles will be recorded. We will stimulate 4 times on each side of the motor cortex, where two stimuli are administered with one side of the coil, and then the coil is flipped (i.e. the direction of the magnetic field is switched). Next, the cervical cord (C5-C6) will be stimulated, again at the maximal strength, four times in total with flipping of the coil. The central motor conduction time is defined as the difference between the latency from the motor cortex and latency the from the cervical spine. We will calculate the test-retest reliability on the patients and controls, and then z-score the patient's CMCT by the mean and standard deviation of the CMCT values of healthy controls.  \subsubsection{Central Motor Conduction Time and Resting State fMRI}  A seed-voxel analysis will be run with connectivity maps based on the left and right precentral gyrus seeds. Connectivity maps will be z-scored voxel-wise against the maps of the healthy controls. A voxel-wise OLS regression will be run on the connectivity maps to predict CMCT, EDSS, and NHPT. Next, a partial least squares analysis will be run to find components of the connectivity maps that correlate with each of the outcome variables. Partial least squares tends to overfit data, so I will implement cross-validation and permutation testing.   \subsection{Expected Results and Significance}  If the resting state metric correlates with CMCT, it could also have the prognostic value of CMCT, adding additional information to the prediction of future motor deficits. I expect the voxel-wise OLS analysis to yield regions of the brain that are differentially connected to the motor cortex based on neurophysiology and clinical evaluations. I predict that the patients with less motor deficits have adapted to damage caused by MS, and that this is reflected in the resting state connectivity map of the motor cortex. The regions of the brain highlighted by the connectivty maps could be regions that contribute to adaptive or maladaptive mechanisms to damage, and are regions that could be monitored during a clinical trial.