Justin Long edited subsection_General_Relativity_Quantum_Field__.tex  over 8 years ago

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\subsection{General Relativity, Quantum Field Theory, Quantum Inequalities, and Negative Energy}  Developing methods and instrumentation to measure gravitational fields in the laboratory is moot if a mechanism for generating negative energy cannot be engineered. The Alcubierre solution resolves to a negative energy density, requiring negative energy and/or exotic mass (Alcubierre, 1994).  Much work remains to be done by resolving General Relativity with Quantum Field Theory. Semi-classical theory is self-inconsistent because when coupled with Relativity's stress-energy tensor, it violates the Uncertainty Principle (Riggs, 1996). Interestingly however, Quantum field theory allows for the suppression of vacuum fluctuations, leading to sub-vacuum phenomena. This sub-vacuum phenomena can appear as negative energy density (Ford, 1996). Further research by Krasnikov into quantum inequalities supports the physical nature of negative energy (Krasnikov, 2003).  For the purpose of Alcubierre experimentation, we assume that negative energy densities in Quantum Field Theory are in fact similar to General Relativity's own interpretation. This assumption allows us to perform Alcubierre and negative energy experiments with the expectation that by mixing Quantum Field Theory, General Relativity, and semi-classical theory, we can obtain real results. Although Quantum Field Theory introduces negative energy, the magnitude and duration of negative energy is limited by quantum inequalities (Pfenning et al., 1998). This becomes an issue for scaling an Alcubierre drive. Assuming the quantum inequalities apply to the scale of a spaceship, a warp bubble 200 meters across would require a total amount of negative energy equal to 10 billion times the mass of the observable universe (Ford et al., 2000). General Relativity does not have such limits similar to the quantum inequalities, and this non-constraint is encouraging for large scale implementation of the Alcubierre drive. It remains to be seen how the quantum inequalities would affect implementation at a larger scale, and it begs the question of whether negative energy in Quantum Field Theory is the same as its General Relativity counterpart.