Sahana Kumar edited section_Atmosphere_Before_delving_into__.tex  over 8 years ago

Commit id: 31cc516a55e6014d06cd5a7b8e4aaae06bdde516

deletions | additions      

       

Before delving into calculations, we had to make several key assumptions and determine our desired terraforming conditions. We assumed the atmosphere to be an isotropic ideal gas, and chose to fix the terraformed surface temperature at 300 K. Using our 1 bar surface pressure terraforming condition, the ideal gas law, and scale height equation, we calculated surface conditions for TerraMars and compared those values to Mars’s current surface conditions.  \\  \\  We also chose the chemical composition of our new TerrAtmosphere. Mars’s current atmosphere is 96\% CO$_2$, so it would be unrealistic to make the surface air breathable to humans using water vapor alone. Since we are estimating the minimum amount of energy required to terraform Mars, we decided to fix our TerrAtmosphere goal and calculate the additional mass and energy needed to obtain our desired TerrAtmosphere composition of 70\% C0$_2$, 26\% H$_2$0 vapor, and 4\% everything else, including nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. This is certainly a large amount of water vapor, but it would allow for precipitation and potentially conditions for the possibility of bringing terrestrial plants to Mars.   \\  \begin{table}  

In the table above, the superscripts preceding each quantity indicates the source: $^1$ quantity from NASA Mars Fact Sheet, $^2$ quantity calculated by Sahana, $^3$ fixed terraforming condition.  \\  Our terraformed atmosphere would be significantly more dense and thicker than Earth's current atmosphere. The atmosphere of Mars would require an additional 3.8 x 10$^{18}$ kg of mass to reach our terraforming conditions. This amount of water vapor is slightly larger than the estimated total mass of the north polar ice cap. Terraforming the atmosphere of Mars will require vaporizing ice from both the north and south polar ice caps. \\  \\  The subsurface conditions of these regions are not well understood, but the polar ice caps are composed primarily of water and CO$_2$ ice. We examined several topological models of the polar ice caps and visually estimated the amount of water ice available to vaporize at each pole. Of the 3.8 x 10$^{18}$ kg of water ice needed, we can theoretically obtain 1.74 x 10$^{18}$ kg of ice from the north pole and the remaining 2.13 x 10$^{18}$ kg of ice from the south pole.