Joe Corneli wordsmithing  about 9 years ago

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Publisher = {Atlantis - Springer},  Series = {Thinking Machines: Studies in Computational Cognition},  Title = {{S}takeholder {G}roups in {C}omputational {C}reativity {R}esearch and {P}ractice},  Year = {forthcoming}} {2015}}  @inproceedings{colton-assessingprogress,  Author = {Simon Colton and Pease, Alison and Corneli, Joseph and Cook, Michael and Llano, Teresa},         

as their Highness travelled, they were always making discoveries, by accidents  \& sagacity, of things which they were not in quest of}[.]''~\cite[p. 633]{van1994anatomy}  \end{quote}  The term became more widely known in the 1940s through studies of serendipity as a factor in scientific discovery, surveyed by Robert Merton and Elinor Barber \citeyear{merton} inanalyis of  ``The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity, A Study in Historical Semantics and the Sociology of Sciences''. Merton \citeyear{merton1948bearing} \cite[pp. 195--196]{merton} describes a generalised ``serendipity pattern'' and its constituent parts: \begin{quote}  ``\emph{The serendipity pattern refers to the fairly common experience of observing an \emph{unanticipated}, \emph{anomalous} \emph{and strategic} datum which becomes the occasion for developing a new theory or for extending an existing theory.}''~\cite[p. 506]{merton1948bearing} (original emphasis) 

In 1986, Philippe Qu\'eau described serendipity as ``the art of  finding what we are not looking for by looking for what we are not  finding'' \cite{eloge-de-la-simulation}, (\citeNP{eloge-de-la-simulation},  as quoted in \cite[p. 121]{Campos2002}. \citeNP[p. 121]{Campos2002}).  Pek van Andel \citeyear[p. 631]{van1994anatomy} describes it simply as ``the art of  making an unsought finding''. 

%  Classic definitions require the investigator not to be aware of the problem they serendipitously solve, but this criterion has largely dropped from dictionary definitions. Only 5 of Roberts' collected definitions explicitly say ``not sought for.'' Roberts characterises ``sought findings'' in which an accident leads to a discovery with the term \emph{pseudoserendipity} \cite{chumaceiro1995serendipity}.  %  While Walpole initially described serendipity as an event, event  (i.e., a kind of discovery),  it has since been reconceptualised as a psychological attribute, a matter of  sagacity on the part of the discoverer: a ``gift'' or ``faculty'' more  than a ``state of mind.'' Only one of the collected definitions, from 

low-adhesion glue in 1968, the invention of a sticky bookmark in 1973,  and the eventual launch of the distinctive canary yellow re-stickable  notes in 1980, there were many opportunities for  Post-its\texttrademark\ Post-it\texttrademark\ Notes  \emph{not} to have come to be \cite{tce-postits}.Accordingly,  Merton and Barber argue that the psychological perspective needs to be integrated with a  \emph{sociological} one.\footnote{ ``For if chance favours prepared  minds, it particularly favours those at work in microenvironments 

Large-scale scientific and technical projects generally rely on the  ``convergence of interests of several key actors''  \cite{companions-in-geography}, along with other supporting cultural  factors. For example,  Umberto Eco \citeyear{eco2013serendipities} focuses on the historical role of serendipitous mistakes and falsehoods in the  production of knowledge. 

or later. Invention gives being to what did not exist; it might  never have happened.}''~\cite{bergson2010creative}  \end{quote}  As we have indicated indicated,  serendipity would seem to require features of both; that is, the discovery of something unexpected and the invention  of an application for the same. We must complement \emph{analysis}  with \emph{synthesis} \cite{delanda1993virtual}. The balance between 

\citeA{creativity-crisis} write that: ``To be creative requires  divergent thinking (generating many unique ideas) and then convergent  thinking (combining those ideas into the best result).'' This is  exemplified by Voltaire's \citeyear{zadig} character Zadig (inspired (a figure inspired  in part by the ``The Three Princes of Serendip'') who ``was capable of  discerning a Thousand Variations in visible Objects, that others, less  curious, imagin’d were all alike'' -- and  in addition ``It was his  peculiar had the  ``peculiar  Talent to render Truth as obvious as possible: Whereas most Men study to render it intricate and obscure.''         

%  In the invention step, reasoning, experimentation, social interaction  strategies rely on $p^{\prime}$, which might draw on patterns like van  Andel's \emph{Successful error} in order to pinpoint the seeds of a  useful result inside within  $T^{\star}$. One important guidepost for implementation is the theory-building orientation that says that outcomes should sometimes  result in new patterns of behaviour that the system can draw on in subsequent interactions.  What is particularly needed is an approach to encoding patterns and