Bernard Giroux edited Becancour.tex  over 9 years ago

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\section{B\'ecancour reservoir properties}  The sedimentary basin of the St. Lawrence Lowlands is located between the Precambrian  Grenville basement in the north-west and the Appalachian thrusts domain in the south-east (Fig. \ref{fig:fig1}a).  The Paleozoic sedimentary succession of the St. Lawrence Platform is shown on Fig. \ref{fig:fig1}b. The Potsdam Group, unconformably covering the Precambrian Grenville basement, comprises the Covey Hill (sandstones (Cambrian sandstones  and conglomerates) and the Cairnside (quartz (lower Ordovician quartz  sandstone) formations. The Beekmantown Group includes the Theresa (dolomitic sandstones) and the Beau\-har\-nois (dolostones) formations. The lower Chazy unit is composed of limestones, dolostones, and sandstones. The Trenton, Black River, and upper Chazy groups, are made of limestones. The Trenton Group is overlain by the Utica Shale and several hundred meters of interbedded shales, siltstones and sandstones of the Lorraine Group. The lower Utica Shale comprises limestone beds and is more calcareous than the upper Utica Shale. Deep saline aquifers are found in the Trenton, Beekmantown and Potsdam Groups.\\  The Covey Hill sandstone (lower Potsdam) appears as the most suitable saline aquifer for CO$_2$ injection/storage. This unit has the largest injectable pore volume due to highest porosity ($\thicksim$ 6\%) and net pay thickness (196 m), the highest matrix permeability (0.24 mD) and lowest salinity (108.500 mg/l) that may assure feasible injectivity. Moreover, the Covey Hill is found at a depth with PT conditions that will maintain CO$_2$ in a supercritical state.\\  The CO$_2$ could also be injected in the Cairnside (upper Potsdam), however its hydrogeological and petrophysical properties are less favorables to store CO$_2$ \citep{TranNgoc2014}. Moreover, the temperature gradient of B\'e\-can\-cour reservoir (23.5 $\pm$ 0.6 $^{\circ}$C/km) may not lead to a supercritical state of CO$_2$ everywhere in the Cairnside Formation, due to the higher location of its formation top \citep{Claprood2012}.\\ \citep{Claprood2012}.  The regional caprock unit consists of the Utica and Lorraine shales. The thickness (\textgreater\ 800 m) and permeability (1 x 10$^{-4}$ mD) of the caprock units in the B\'e\-can\-cour region are apparently capable of preventing  buoyancy-driven migration of injected CO$_2$ to the surface, as they have maintained over-pressured conditions in the saline aquifers \citep{TranNgoc2014}. Petrohysical and hydrogeological properties of the reservoir are resumed on summarized in  Table 1. \begin{table}  \begin{tabular}{lccccccc}  \hline