deletions | additions       diff --git a/section_Introduction_Symbioses_between_soil__.tex b/section_Introduction_Symbioses_between_soil__.tex  index a85d06d..8bba312 100644  --- a/section_Introduction_Symbioses_between_soil__.tex  +++ b/section_Introduction_Symbioses_between_soil__.tex 
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\section{Introduction}  New intro paragraph from vantage point of emerging pathogen. Debate regarding uniqueness of clinical/environmental isolates is important because of the potential to use Sm in agricultural settings.  \textit{Stenotrophomonas maltophilia} is a Gram-negative bacterium that is emerging as a significant cause of concern for healthcare providers, especially in intensive-care settings where it is associated with a wide variety of complications including ventilator-associated pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia, central line-associated bloodstream infections, surgical site infections, endocarditis, meningitis, ocular infections, and soft tissue, burn and wound infections \cite{22232370}(refs from R03). Mortality rates attributable to \textit{S. maltophilia} infection can be extremely high, above 37\% in some cases (refs from R03), even after adjusting for underlying conditions. Both the incidence and prevalence of \textit{S. maltophilia} infection are on the rise \cite{15664479} (other refs from RO3).  Symbioses between soil bacteria and plants can result in neutral, beneficial, or detrimental effects on plant health. Species from the Gram-negative genus \textit{Stenotrophomonas} are important members of the rhizosphere community where they participate in nutrient cycling and protection against abiotic stresses such as drought and soil salinity and biotic stresses including pathogenic microorganisms \cite{23717321} \cite{Kobayashi_1995}\cite{10931911} \cite{12969277}\cite{Messiha_2007}\cite{21686169}\cite{Suckstorff_2003}(ref). While \texit{Stenotrophomonas} isolates can be found associated with a wide variety of plant hosts \cite{2930173}, they are often the dominant bacterial species associated with cruciferous vegetables (\textit{Brassicaceae} family) \cite{16232300} (add more refs).  \textit{Stenotrophomonas maltophilia} is the founding member of the genus, which was removed from the genus \textit{Xanthomonas} due to the lack of pathogencity toward plants, a phenotype shared by all other Xanthomonads \cite{8347518}. Many  \textit{S. maltophilia} strain strains isolated from the environment protect their host plant from bacterial and fungal pathogens. Strain  W81, isolated from the rhizosphere of field-grown sugar beet, produces chitinases and proteases that contribute to growth inhibition of the phytopathogenic fungus \textit{Pythium ultimum}, resulting in reduction of damping-off disease in soil-grown sugar beet \cite{Dunne_1997}. Zhang and Yuen \cite{Zhang_2000}(2000) found that \textit{S. maltophilia} isolate C3 inhibits germination of conidia of \textit{Bipolaris sorokiniana} (Sacc.), a cereal pathogen, by a process that also requires chitinase production. Additional strains of \textit{S. maltophilia} (PD3532, PD3533, PD3534), isolated in the Nile Delta of Egypt, are antagonistic toward \textit{Ralstonia solanacearum}, the etiological agent of brown rot in potatoes \cite{Messiha_2007}. We, therefore, sought to determine if clinical isolates of \textit{S. maltophilia} could protect canola seedlings from the fungal pathogen \textit{Leptosphaeria maculans} and the bacterial pathogen {Burkholderia cenocepacia}.  In addition to protection from pathogenic microorganisms, several groups have reported that \textit{S. maltophilia} isolates can enhance growth and production of crop species \cite{Suckstorff_2003} (add more refs). [Might want to add some info about biodegredation, but I'm not sure if its needed]  In contrast to the beneficial symbiosis with plants, \textit{S. maltophilia} is emerging as a significant cause of concern for healthcare providers, especially in intensive-care settings where it is associated with a wide variety of complications including ventilator-associated pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia, central line-associated bloodstream infections, surgical site infections, endocarditis, meningitis, ocular infections, and soft tissue, burn and wound infections \cite{22232370}(refs from R03). Mortality rates attributable to \textit{S. maltophilia} infection can be extremely high, above 37\% in some cases (refs from R03), even after adjusting for underlying conditions. Both the incidence and prevalence of \textit{S. maltophilia} infection are on the rise \cite{15664479} (other refs from RO3).  I'm having a hard time with wording here. I want to convey that (1) crop losses due to disease and (2) nosocomial infections are both major threats to humans/society/wellbeing. On the one hand, \textit{S. maltophilia} holds great promise for control of agricultural disease (and other biotech applications), especially in the cruciferous vegetables. But on the other hand, it seems to carry great risk for immunocompromised patients, which are increasing in number. Therefore, it is very important to differentiate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates. Toward that end, we sought to determine if clinical isolates of \textit{S. maltophilia} retained a plant growth promoting phenotype.