deletions | additions       diff --git a/subsection_Antibiotic_rescue_of_infected__.tex b/subsection_Antibiotic_rescue_of_infected__.tex  index b729cb0..0d80c86 100644  --- a/subsection_Antibiotic_rescue_of_infected__.tex  +++ b/subsection_Antibiotic_rescue_of_infected__.tex 
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\subsection{Antibiotic rescue of infected OS cockroaches}  To explore whether OS cockroaches may be useful to model post-infection antibiotic treatment following \textit{F. tularensis} infection, we infected cockroaches with a high dose (3.4 x 10^{6} CFU) of \textit{F. tularensis} LVS by intrahemocoel injection and then administered antibiotics either by injection or by controlled feeding (\textbf{Figure 6}). As controls, cockroaches were either orally fed a sucrose solution or injected with PBS (neither contained antibiotics). All control cockroaches (no antibiotics) died by day 7 post-infection (\textbf{Figure 7A}). Doxycycline, an antibiotic known to absorb well through mucus membranes, effectively prevented cockroach death when delivered by either route (\textbf{Figure 7B}, p<0.0001). p<0.001).  Ciprofloxacin, which is also readily absorbed orally, failed to fully rescue OS cockroaches from LVS-induced death at the dose administered (1 ug per roach; 60 percent survival by ciprofloxacin injection; injection [p<0.001 compared to no antibiotic];  50 percent survival by ciprofloxacin feeding; feeding [p=0.067 compared to no antibiotic];  \textbf{Figure 7C}), which may be due to differences in drug pharmacokinetics between insects and mammals. Streptomycin and gentamicin, which have poor oral bioavailbility in mammals, were effective at preventing cockroach death when injected directly into the hemocoel (80 percent survival with streptomycin [p=0.00199]; streptomycin;  90 percent survival with gentamicin [p<0.001]) but not not gentamicin; p<0.001 for both antibiotics compared to no antibiotic treatment; \textbf{Figure 7D and 7E}). However, neither of these antibiotics rescued OS cockroaches from \texit{F. tularensis} LVS infection  when delivered by forced feeding (\textbf{Figure 7D and 7E}). (p=0.00199 for injection of streptomycin compared to forced feeding; p>0.001 for injection of gentamicin compared to forced feeding).  Finally, Resazurin, a small-molecule dye that has anti-\textit{F. tularensis} activity \textit{in vitro} \cite{24367766}, failed to protect OS cockroaches from infection (no survival by either delivery route; \textbf{Figure 7F}). In fact, the group of OS cockroaches treated with resazurin injection died slightly faster than the control group (mean time-to-death of 4.9 and 3.9 days, respectively; p=0.041).