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\textbf{Entropy-based detection of pumping events.} (A) An overview of the work flow from image acquisition to the time series of entropy peaks. Individual steps require little user input such that multiple animals can be analyzed in parallel. (B) Top: an image of the head of a nematode in a WormSpa microfluidic device mounted on an educational microscope (10X magnification). The terminal bulb is enclosed in a red box and the grinder appears as a dark spot at its center. Middle: a pair consecutive frames captured during a pump and a heat map of the intensities in the corresponding difference image. Bottom: same as above for a pair of frames captured in the absence of a pump. Pumping results in a small number of high intensity pixels in the difference image. (C) The distribution of intensity values in the difference image in the presence (red) and absence (grey) (gray)  of a pump. The separation between the two histograms is most pronounced at the high intensity tail of the distribution. (D) A sample trace showing the dynamics of entropy during four (top) or many (bottom) pumping events. individual events correspond to characteristic entropy peaks which are readily identified by standard peak detection algorithm followed by a minimal height selection criteria (orange dots).   \label{fig:entropy}