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\textbf{Pumping at variable food levels.} All panels correspond to recordings from wild-type animals at $4x$ magnification. In panels A-D each animal was assayed for $30$ min in the presence of a constant concentration of food (\textit{E. coli} OP50). In panels E-I each animal was assayed for $60$ min. Pumping rates and food levels are denoted in blue and red, respectively. Bacterial food flowed at a rate of $200 \ \mu l / min$ and oscillated between high ($OD_{600} = 4.0$) and low ($OD_{600} = 0.0$) levels with a period of $360$ sec. (A) Distributions of wild-type instantaneous pumping rates at a food concentration of $OD_{600} = 4.0$ were affected by the flow rate in the device. Flow rates of $5$ $\mu l / min$ and $200$ $\mu l / min$ are plotted in red and blue, respectively. $N_{5 \ \mu l / min} = ???$, $N_{200 \ \mu l / min} = ???$ animals (B) The distribution of instantaneous pumping rates in the absence of bacterial food ($OD_{600} = 0.0$). $N = ???$ (C-D) Mean pumping rates and duty ratios for the data presented in panels A-B. The duty ratio was defined as the fraction of time occupied by continuous pumping, i.e., when consecutive pumps were $\leq 250$ ms apart. $N_{OD=0} = ???$, $N_{OD=2} = ???$, $N_{OD=4, \ 5 \mu l / min} = ???$, $N_{OD=4, \ 200 \mu l / min} = ???$. (E) Left: representative examples of pumping dynamics of individual animals in the presence of oscillating food availability. Arrows denote periods where the animal maintained high or low pumping activity regardless of the oscillations in food concentration. Right: the mean pumping rates and food levels per animal, i.e., data were averaged over the corresponding nine stimuli for each of the animals on the left. (F-G) Mean pumping rates and food levels averaged over stimuli and all animals. Shaded areas denote $\pm$ s.e.m. (H) Response-triggered average to the periodic stimuli. For each incidence of stimuli: food concentration was averaged during all $180$ sec periods that preceded time-points where  the pumping rate exceeding exceeded  $2$ Hz (defined as $t = 0$), the preceding $180$ sec of data were averaged. 0$).  Grey lines depict data from individual animals and the blue line depicts the population mean. (I) Fraction of responses per animal. A response to a stimulus was defined as an increase in pumping rate during high food levels that was at least $2$ s.e.m higher than the mean rate at the preceding $OD_{600} = 0.0$ period. In panels F-I $N = 9???$ animals. \label{fig:results}