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\subsection{Components}  \subsubsection{Gateways}  The Gateway is an all-important part of  IoT communication network structure whose role is to interconnect the end devices to the main communication infrastructure of the system \cite{Zanella_2014}. The gateway is hence required to provide protocol translation and functional mapping between the unconstrained protocols and their constrained counterparts, such as ieee802.11-ieee802.15.4, IPv4/v6-6LoWPAN, XML-EXI, HTTP-CoAP and others. Note that while all these translations may be required in order to enable interoperability with IoT peripheral devices and control stations, it is not necessary to concentrate all of them in a single gateway. Rather, it is possible, and sometimes convenient, to distribute the translation tasks over different devices in the network. For example, a single HTTP-CoAP proxy can be deployed to support multiple 6LoWPAN border routers. 
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