Submarine canyons are of great significance to understand the transport mechanism of terrigenous clastic materials to deep sea and the deep-sea sedimentary dynamic process. In this study, the spatiotemporal framework of stratigraphic sequence in the central and southern slopes of the Okinawa Trough was established, and the geomorphological and erosional-depositional features of submarine canyons were analyzed detailedly. The submarine canyons on the continental slope of Okinawa Trough began to develop in the early Pleistocene (< 1.8 Ma), and continued to develop even today. The canyons could be divided into three parts along the axial direction: head, upstream, and downstream. The head of the canyon was mostly inherited from the ancient incised valley developed on the outer continental shelf during the last glacial maximum (LGM). The canyon channel was filled with multi-stage turbidites and mass transport deposits (MTDs). The seismogeologic characteristics, such as the MTDs associated with the bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs), the imbricated, twisty or chaotic seismic reflections, the liquefaction deformation structures, the fluid transport channels, and the gaps that indicate methane escaping on the side walls, and the truncated relationship between the BSRs and the submarine canyons all indicate that there is a complex relationship between the submarine canyons and the methane seepage associated with gas hydrate in the Okinawa Trough. Finally, a coupled model with four evolutional stages for the submarine canyons was established.