Alexander Martin edited Previous.tex  about 9 years ago

Commit id: fdc07d86186e178a6cb70361cc2dc76a71ac33bc

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The term \emph{functional load} has a long history and first came into use at the turn of the 20th century, often being mentioned in the Prague School. A formal definition, however, was not developed until quite a few years later. The idea behind functional load in a broad sense is that it is the amount of work a given unit (usually a phoneme) does in a language to distinguish words from one another.   AndrĂ© Martinet posited that functional load was a key factor in language change \citep{Martinet1955}; specifically he claimed that phonemes with lower functional load tend to merge, whereas phonemes with higher functional load tend to stay distinct. This hypothesis has been explored to some extent over the years \citep[cf.][]{King1967,Wedel2013a,Wedel2013}. \citep[cf.][]{King1967, Wedel2013a, Wedel2013}.  The most basic way that has been proposed to measure functional load is by counting the number of minimal pairs that are distinguished by a phonemic contrast. Indeed this method is still in use today \citep[e.g.,][]{Wedel2013}. It is with this method that we decided to begin our research, in order to get a general idea of the distribution of the lexicon, before venturing into more complex calculations. A complication does arise however in that functional load is traditionally spoken of in reference to \emph{phonemes} rather than features. We therefore needed to redefine the term \emph{minimal pair} in order to perform our calculations.