Alexander Martin edited Previous.tex  about 9 years ago

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We define a phonemic minimal pair as a pair of words in a given language which are contrasted by only one phonological segment. Furthermore, we define a featural minimal pair as \emph{a phonemic minimal pair where the difference between the segments affects only one feature}. The pair of words \phon{pɛ̃}, \emph{pain} and \phon{dɛ̃}, \emph{daim} form a phonemic minimal pair in that they are distinguished solely by their initial segment, but they do not form a \emph{featural} minimal pair because these segments are contrasted in two features (i.e., \emph{voicing} and \emph{place}). The pair /pul/, \emph{poule} (chicken) and /bul/, \emph{boule} (ball), however, do form a featural minimal pair as the segments that distinguish them differ only in \emph{voicing}.   It is of course important to establish what is to be considered a word in order to perform such a calculation. For the purposes of this study, we considered all \emph{lemmata} to be \enquote{words}. This choice was made on the assumption that alternate forms of words, including feminine and plural forms, are not stored separately in the mental lexicon and that phonological features would therefore not be used to contrast them in the same way as for the base forms. All calculations were performed using the \abv{Lexique} database of the French lexicon \citep{New2001}. It contains \mbox{47,341} {47,341}  lemmata, of which \mbox{28,885} {28,885}  are nouns. Phonological transcriptions are provided in this database based on canonical pronunciation. We thus began our research by counting the number of minimal pairs that we observed in each phonological feature.   Overall counts were performed (one for each feature), such that each time a minimal pair was found in feature $x$, the $x$ count was updated. A pair like \phon{pɛ̃}\textasciitilde\phon{bɛ̃} would be considered to be a \emph{voicing} pair, and the \emph{voicing} count would therefore be increased by one. This process was performed for each \emph{unique} pair of words. This basically means that \phon{pɛ̃}\textasciitilde\phon{bɛ̃} was considered to be equivalent to \phon{bɛ̃}\textasciitilde\phon{pɛ̃}. Again, only \emph{featural} minimal pairs as previously defined were counted.