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In most of the developed Annex I countries, a well-functioning governance system is providing the financial sources and institutional stability for potentially large-scale investments in adaptation and mitigation measures within their national territories. In many developing countries, however, governance and institutions are poorly developed, resulting in a lack of financial investments to cope with climate change. Under these circumstances affordable measures are required to be taken by citizens themselves on a local level to avoid adverse effects on the individual lives of people.   An important field for investigating the effectiveness of adaptation measures against climate change are smallholder farming practices on the African continent. In many parts of Africa smallholder farmers cultivate >70\% of the arable and permanent cropland and are responsible for a very high proportion of food and crop production \cite{Morton_2007}. Given these circumstances, decreases in precipitation and the worsening of droughts that have been predicted for large parts of Africa highlight the importance for effective adaptation measures. Furthermore, an increase in world population increases the stess on the land and therefore proper measures are needed \textbf{Bron nog invoegen}.  Without these measures, severe effects on food production are to be expected, such as the shortening of growing seasons that lead to harvest reductions and can thus greatly endanger the livelihood of local farmers and the people that to a great extent dependent on local food supply \cite{Waha_2013}. In this paper adaptation measures will be examined that can be applied by smallholder farmers in order to increase the resilience of the food system against climate change. In doing so this paper aims at responding to the following research question: What is the adoption potential for smallholder farming adaptation measures in Africa and what effects will they have on the resilence against climate change?  We procceed as follows. Firstly, based on a literature review we synthesise the predicted impacts for different African regions due to climate change. Second, an overview of potential adaptation measures will be given. Then we will focus on the measure we find most promisiong.  Finally an advice is given on effective implementation, taking into account regional differences within the African continent.