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An important field for investigating the effectiveness of adaptation measures against climate change are African smallholder, or subsistence farmers. In many parts of Africa smallholder farmers cultivate more than 70\% of the arable and permanent cropland and are responsible for a very high proportion of local food and crop production \cite{Morton_2007}. However, their lack of economic resources restricts them access to alternative livelihoods \cite{Slingo_2005}. Given these circumstances, a worsening of climate variability, primarily decreases in precipitation and increases of droughts, that have been predicted for large parts of Africa highlight the importance for cost-effective adaptation measures. Without these measures, severe effects on food production are to be expected %such as the shortening of growing seasons that lead to harvest reductions and can thus   that greatly endanger the livelihood of local farmers and the people that to a great extent dependent on local food supply \cite{Waha_2013}. If not adopted successfully, African food systems are unlikely to provide sufficient nutrition to a population that is growing by 4\% annually, and thus even increasing the stess on arable land \cite{POP_2012}.  In this This  paper thus examines  adaptation measureswill be examined  that can be applied by smallholder farmers in order to increase the resilience of the food system against increasing  climate change. variability.  In doing so this paper aims at responding to the following research question:What is the adoption potential for smallholder farming adaptation measures in Africa and what effects will they have on the resilence against climate change?  We procceed \textit{What is the adoption potential for smallholder farming adaptation measures in Africa and what effects will they have on the resilience against increasing climate variability?}  The paper proceeds  as follows. Firstly, based on a literature reviewwe synthesise  the predicted impacts for different African regions due to climate change. Second, change are synthesised. Secondly,  an overview of potential adaptation measures will be given. Then we will focus on Thirdly, agroforestry is being introduced as one of  themeasure we find  most promisiong. Finally promising adaptation measures. Finally,  an advice is given on effective implementation, taking into account regional differences within increasing  the African continent. adoption of agroforestry methods by addressing several identified barriers.