deletions | additions       diff --git a/Agro Forestry.tex b/Agro Forestry.tex  index d5bc478..4afcbb1 100644  --- a/Agro Forestry.tex  +++ b/Agro Forestry.tex 
...
It is particularly the indirect effects of agroforestry that is likely to help farmers adapt to a changing climate. For instance, nitrogen-fixing trees bind nitrogen in the ground, and thereby fertilizing it. Since nitrogen is often a limiting factor for plant growth, this extra nitrogen in the ground will help crops to grow without the need for synthetic fertilizers \citep{Fleischer_2013}. Studies have already showed that using fertilizer tree species contributes to a larger maize yield than without the use of any fertilizer \citep{Lasco_2014}. Thus, agroforestry can be seen as a natural adaptation method to ensure soil conservation.   Natural soil conservation by trees is also created through year-round surface cover. This stems from the fact that unlike most crops, trees will be on the land for multiple years. In comparison to conventional cultivation with large extents of surface litter and crop residue removal, resulting in soil erosion and increases in probability for water runoff, agroforestry ensures surface covering through trees and thus mitigating these effects \citep{Mbow_2014a}.   A second benefit provided by trees is the provision of shade for the surface below them that allows them to buffer against temperature extremes and therefore decreases evaporation \citep{Mbow_2014a}. This can contribute to a longer growing period for the crops, making them less likely to fail. Furthermore, shade will create a more comfortable working environment for the farmers with potentially positive socio-economic and health effects.   A third benefit comes as a result from water management by trees. If pruned correctly, the roots will grow to use water from deeper layers and therefore not compete over water with annual crops, which use water from the top soil. Since trees also contribute to soil conservation, the runoff from precipitation can be decreased, increasing the available water for crops. Furthermore, tree cover plays an important role in the water cycle. Analysis showed that trees have a direct influence on precipitation patterns \citep{Mbow_2014a}. Since a significant fraction of the precipitation originates from local evaporation, an increase in plant cover can increase the amount of local precipitation \citep{Bierkens2008}. This might eventually contribute to a positive feedback effect of increasing precipitation in local areas and reduce the need for a mechanical irrigation system. Therefore, planting of trees can be seen as a natural replacement for mechanical irrigation systems.  A fourth benefit from agroforestry refers to the reduction of pests without the use of pesticides. Trees can form a natural barrier and decrease the accessibility of the crops by limiting the movement of the pests. Furthermore, a diverse plant mix evaporates a mixture of odors that can potentially irritate insect pests and the provided free space can encourage the pests’ natural enemies to inhabit the area. Agroforestry can therefore increase yield by protecting it from pest impacts \citep{Rathore1995}.   Finally, agroforestry reduces CO\textsubscript{2} concentration in the atmosphere. Since trees sequester carbon, the overall carbon concentration in the atmosphere will be reduced. Trees will use and store carbon for their entire lifetime, keeping it out of the atmospheric cycle longer than annual crops. If agroforestry is applied on a large scale, the sequestration of carbon can significantly contribute to GHG emission mitigation and thus lessen the severity of impacts due to human-induced climate change \citep{Mbow_2014a}.  In summing all these effects, agroforestry covers 4 out of the 6 aforementioned adaptation measures through a single measure of planting trees. Yet, other measures could still be incorporated, such as early and late planting by planting crops at the beginning of the seasonal rain period instead of at traditional dates \citep{Waha_2013}. Lastly, different crop varieties as a suggested adaptation measure might not be necessary with agroforestry as the latter harmonizes factors such as water availability and surface temperature, allowing traditional crops to prosper regardless of the increases in regional climate change.