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In most of the developed Annex I countries, a well-functioning governance system provides financial resources and institutional stability for potentially large-scale investments in adaptation and mitigation measures within the national territories. In many developing countries, however, governance and institutions are poorly developed, resulting in a lack of financial investments to cope with climate change. Given these circumstances, affordable adaptation measures are required to be taken by citizens themselves on a local level to avoid adverse effects on their livelihoods.  An important field for investigating the effectiveness of adaptation measures against climate change are African smallholder, or subsistence farmers. In many parts of the African continent continent,  smallholder farmers cultivate more than 70\% of the arable and permanent cropland and are responsible for a very high proportion of local food and crop production \cite{Morton_2007}. However, their lack of economic resources restricts them access to alternative livelihoods \cite{Slingo_2005}. Given these circumstances, a worsening of climate variability variability,  primarily decreases in precipitation and increases of droughts, which droughts that  have been predicted for large parts of Africa, highlight the importance for cost-effective adaptation measures. measures for the agricultural sector in Africa.  Without these measures, severe effects on food production are to be expected that greatly endanger the livelihood of local farmers and the people that to a great extent dependent on local food supply \cite{Waha_2013}. If not adopted successfully, African food systems are unlikely to provide sufficient nutrition to a population that is growing by 4\% annually, and that will  thus even increasing further increase  the stress on arable land \cite{POP_2012}. This paperthus  examines agroforestry as an  adaptation measures measure  that can be applied by smallholder farmers in order to increase the resilience of the African  food system systems  against increasing climate variability. In doing so this paper aims at responding to the following research question: \textit{What is the adoption potential of agroforestry for smallholder farming in different countries of  Sub-Saharan Africa and what effects will it have on to strenghten  the resilience against increasing climate variability?} The paper proceeds as follows. Firstly, based on a literature review the predicted impacts for different African regions due to following from  climate change are synthesized. synthesised for different African regions.  Secondly, agroforestry is being introduced as one of the most promising a cost-effective  adaptation measures. Finally, an measure. Lastly, adoption potentials for different regions are quantified and  advice is given on increasing the adoption of agroforestry methods by addressing several identified barriers.