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\section{Introduction}  Several decades of scientic scientific  work on a better understanding of the earth's climate system have led to increasing certainty that changes in the climate system are influenced by human activity. As the 5th Assessment Report of the IPCC notes, there is 95\% confidence that the increase in global surface temperature is caused by the anthropogenic increase in greenhouse gas concentrations \cite{stocker2013climate}. As a result, more extreme weather occurrences have been predicted for many regions for the upcoming decades. Successfully coping with changes in weather patterns requires mitigation measures for future GHG emissions reducions reductions  along with adaptation measures, the latter adopted particlarly particularly  in those regions that will be severely affected by future weather extremes. In most of the developed Annex I countries, a well-functioning governance system provides financial resources and institutional stability for potentially large-scale investments in adaptation and mitigation measures within the national territories. In many developing countries, however, governance and institutions are poorly developed, resulting in a lack of financial investments to cope with climate change. Given these circumstances, affordable adaptation measures are required to be taken by citizens themselves on a local level to avoid adverse effects on their livelihoods. (\textbf{source})  An important field for investigating the effectiveness of adaptation measures against climate change are African smallholder, or subsistence farmers. In many parts of Africa smallholder farmers cultivate more than 70\% of the arable and permanent cropland and are responsible for a very high proportion of local food and crop production \cite{Morton_2007}. However, their lack of economic resources restricts them access to alternative livelihoods \cite{Slingo_2005}. Given these circumstances, a worsening of climate variability, variability  primarily decreases in precipitation and increases of droughts, that which  have been predicted for large parts of Africa, highlight the importance for cost-effective adaptation measures. Without these measures, severe effects on food production are to be expected %such as the shortening of growing seasons that lead to harvest reductions and can thus that greatly endanger the livelihood of local farmers and the people that to a great extent dependent on local food supply \cite{Waha_2013}. If not adopted successfully, African food systems are unlikely to provide sufficient nutrition to a population that is growing by 4\% annually, and thus even increasing the stess stress  on arable land \cite{POP_2012}. This paper thus examines Agroforestry as  adaptation measures that which  can be applied by smallholder farmers in order to increase the resilience of the food system against increasing climate variability. In doing so this paper aims at responding to the following research question: \textit{What is the adoption potential of Agroforestry  for smallholder farming adaptation measures in sub-Saharan  Africa and what effects will they have on the resilience against increasing climate variability?}(\textbf{Change this?})  The paper proceeds as follows. Firstly, based on a literature review the predicted impacts for different African regions due to climate change are synthesised. synthesized.  Secondly,an overview of potential adaptation measures will be given. Thirdly,  agroforestry is being introduced as one of the most promising adaptation measures. Finally, an advice is given on increasing the adoption of agroforestry methods by addressing several identified barriers.\textbf{(Should we add agroforestry as the main topic?)}