Glaziou edited section_Drug_resistance_Global_and__.tex  over 8 years ago

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\subsection{MDR-TB mortality}  The VR mortality data reported to WHO by Member States does not differentiate between MDR-TB and non-MDR-TB as a cause of death (there is no specific ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes for MDR-TB, although countries such as South Africa have allocated two specific codes U51 \textit{U51}  and U52 \textit{U52}  to classify deaths from MDR-TB and XDR-TB respectively). Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature was undertaken to estimate the relative risk of dying from MDR-TB compared with non MDR-TB. The global estimate of MDR-TB deaths (Chapter 2) was then based on the following formula: $m = M.p.r$  

\subsection{Resistance to second-line drugs among patients with MDR-TB}  Data from 75 countries were used to produce global estimates of the following proportions: (i) patients with MDR-TB who had XDR-TB; (ii) patients with MDR-TB who had fluoroquinolone resistance; (iii) patients with MDR-TB who had resistance to second-line injectable drugs and fluoroquinolones but not XDR-TB. The latest available national and subnational data from each country were analysed using logistic regression models with robust standard errors to account for the clustering effect at the level of the country or territory. The analysis was limited to countries in which more than 66% 66\%  of MDR-TB cases received second-line DST.