David Coil edited Results.md  almost 8 years ago

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#Results and Discussion  ##Overall taxonomic diversity of ISS surfaces and comparison to previous high-throughput 16SrRNA 16S rDNA  study After filtering chimeric and eukaryotic sequences from the data, the number of sequences per surface sampled ranged from 26,221 - 76,656. Open-reference clustering at 97% similarity resulted in 12,554 OTUs (OTU is a proxy for microbial "species".) This exceeds the number of species observed by Venkateswaran _et al._ 2014, which is not surprising, given the increased sampling depth in this study (~1 million versus ~ 50,000 high-quality sequences.) Our study also had three notable, qualitative differences from Venkateswaran et al. 2014. First, in their study, more than 90% of all sequences were assigned to 4 bacterial genera (_Corynebacterium_, _Propionibacterium_, _Staphylococcus_, and _Streptococcus_), while in the study here, they comprised only 24% of the data (9.6%, 0.05%, 10.7%, and 3.6%, respectively). Second, Venkateswaran et al. found no evidence of archaea in their samples, even when interrogating with archaeal-specific primers, but we did find evidence for a very low-abundance archaeal presence (2335 sequences, from three archaeal phyla). Finally, despite the fact that Venkateswaran et al. were able to culture many spore-forming organisms from their samples, they observed no sequence data from putative spore-forming organisms. However, a large percentage of sequences in our study are from spore-forming genera: 20.9% _Bacillus_ and 9.6% _Clostridium_. These differences are potentially due to differences in PCR primers and/or DNA extraction method, both of which have known taxonomic biases \cite{Brooks_2015}.