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It is perhaps not surprising that the insular environment of the ISS would not resemble Earth homes. Unlike the ISS, homes on Earth are exposed to a variety of sources of microbes, including the outside air, tracked-in soil, plants, pets, and human inhabitants \cite{Barber_a_2015} \cite{Barber_b_2015}. The dominant source of microbes on the ISS is presumably the human microbiome. All spacecraft and cargo undergo rigorous decontamination procedures before launch to rendezvous with the ISS. Therfore, we hypothesized that the microbial communities of the ISS surfaces might be more similar to human-associated microbial communities than Earth home surfaces. To test this hypothesis, we obtained 16S rDNA sequence data for 100 random samples from each of 13 body sites from the HMP Data Portal (http://hmpdacc.org/HM16STR/)\cite{Huttenhower_2012}\cite{Gevers_2012}. The microbial communities associated with the ISS, Earth homes, and the HMP samples were significantly different from each other (R^2 = 0.08, P < 0.001) (Also see Figure NMDSgrid A-D). We note that as with any meta-analysis, this difference could be also be party due to differences in sample collection/preparation. However, the ISS communities are significantly more similar to the Earth home samples than the HMP samples (Student's t-test, p< 0.00001). This combined analysis also indicates that the starboard crew vent sample, which appears quite distinct from the rest of the ISS samples in Figure NMDS_IS_only A, is more similar to the human gastrointestinal HMP samples, which is corroborated by the dominance of animal gut-related OTUs found in that sample (see Figure ISS_only_sp78_abundant, and Table habitat.)  Finally, because the ISS is designed only to house six crew members, for a stay of six months each, only 220 individuals have visited the ISS since the year 2000. We hypothesized that there might be a relatively low microbial diversity on the ISS, either due to having a few total number of species, or due to the dominance of a very few species. In figure Diversity, we note that Shannon diversity (which takes into account both the number of species present, and how evenly our sequences are distributed throughout those species) is actually  relatively high on the ISS. ##Comparison to rooms with mechanical ventilation or open windows.  Kembel et al., 2012 \cite{Kembel_2012}, \cite{Kembel\_2012},  showed that rooms in a health-care facility that were primarily ventilated via an open window had greater phylogenetic diversity and lower proportion of OTUs closely related to known human pathogens than rooms that were mechanically ventilated. The only window on the ISS is never opened, and the doors are opened only briefly, every few months. Therefore, we hypothesized that for the samples from the ISS, the phylogenetic diversity would be lower and the proportion of OTUs closely related to known human pathogens would be higher than that seen for mechanically ventilated rooms. To test this hypothesis, we obtained the list of known human pathogens compiled by Kembel _et al._, 2012, and followed their procedure to identify the proportion of OTUs in the ISS samples that were closely related to them (see Methods for details). Surprisingly, but reassuringly, we found that the ISS samples are similar in both phylogenetic diversity and the proportion of OTUs closely related to known human pathogens as compared to the mechanically ventilated rooms in the health-care facility (Figure 7).